He was an extremely important commissioner of illuminated manuscripts, both from Paris (from the Bedford Master and his workshop) and England. On 28 July 1488, Jacquettas 12th child and 6th son, Sir Edward Woodville, Lord Scales, led the vanguard of the Breton army of Duke Francis II at the disastrous Battle of Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier against a French army equipped with massed cannons. Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted as regent of France for his nephew Henry VI. Duke of Bedford (named after Bedford, England) is a title that has been created six times (for five distinct people) in the Peerage of England. definition - John_of_Lancaster,_1st_Duke_of_Bedford. The three most important surviving manuscripts of his are the Bedford Hours (British Library Ms Add 18850) and the Salisbury Breviary (Paris BnF Ms Lat. The last impression one is given of Bedford by Shakespeare is a fairly positive one: he is a loyal servant of the crown who gave his life for his king, cause and country. Elizabeth Woodville's right to inherit these armorial supporters would seem dubious if they belonged to her mother's first husband or to his first wife. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Joan of Arc was heavily supported by Yolande of Aragon and Arthur of Brittany, neither of whom receives the credit they deserve. JOHN CANNON "Bedford, John of Lancaster, duke of [S14] #236 Encyclopdie gnalogique des maisons souveraines du monde (1959-1966), Sirjean, Gaston, (Paris: Gaston Sirjean, 1959-1966), FHL book 944 D5se., vol. ." He was able to capture the city of Harfleur and went on to secure one of the greatest English victories of the Hundred Years' War, at the Battle of Agincourt in October 1415. How to say John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford in English? This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Stargardt, 1953-1978), FHL book 940 D5f; FHL microfilms 251,160 items 1-3., vol. Half brother of Edmund Labourde, "John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, KG (20 June 1389 14 September 1435) was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI. The shield is surrounded with a pair of banners gules which reverse in argent with the motto repeated four times: A vous entier (To you / yours entire[ly]). 11 p. 834. 2 p. 548. Death of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford at R Burial of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. Henry was able to capture the cities of Rouen and Caen and soon most of France was under English control. Refusing to surrender to be ransomed, Edward was killed with his men. Despite his military and administrative talent, the situation in France had severely deteriorated by the time of his death.[1]. Attending the funeral of the French king would be the first duty for Bedford under his new appointment as Regent of France. [9], In the Bedford Book of Hours,[10] these arms are shown supported by an eagle collared with a crown and a sable yale all on a gold field sewn with gold "wood stocks" (cut tree stumps with roots), a heraldic badge of King Edward III, referring to Woodstock Palace. http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/PLANTAGENET2.htm#John%20PLANTAGENET%20 [S2] Peter W. Hammond, editor, The Complete Peerage or a History of the House of Lords and All its Members From the Earliest Times, Volume XIV: Addenda & Corrigenda (Stroud, Gloucestershire, U.K.: Sutton Publishing, 1998), page 79. Bedford was a capable administrator and soldier, and his effective management of the war brought the English to the height of their power in France. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. ", http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John,_Duke_of_Bedford, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=93572472. Today, a plaque marks its former location. As a mere girl she shouldnt have been wearing trousers and she certainly shouldnt have been leading French armies that thrashed English armies. [S7] #44 Histoire de la maison royale de France anciens barons du royaume: et des grands officiers de la couronne (1726, reprint 1967-1968), Saint-Marie, Anselme de, (3rd edition. Paris: Schlessinger frres, 1863-1877), FHL microfilms 661873-661882., p. 834. He dies while sitting in a chair at Rouen, just after he hears the patriotic screams of his fellow countrymen. In any event it didnt do Joan much good. Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, 10. John de Teye Via Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Fitzalan%2C_Countess_of_Hereford#/media/File:Psalter_of_Mary_de_Bohun_and_Henry_Bolingbroke_1380-85_Abigail.jpg Public Domain, Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester. All are lavishly decorated and famous examples of the style of the period. London: Constable and Co., 1910-1911), FHL microfilm 88,003., vol. He became the Lord Protector during Johns long absences in France. John died during the Congress of Arras at his Castle of Joyeux Repos in Rouen and was buried at Rouen Cathedral. This marriage was also childless, although Jacquetta went on to have more than a dozen children in her second marriage to Richard Woodville (later Earl Rivers). Bedford, of course, was held responsible by many of his peers for the losses in France. English soldier and statesman who was regent of England and France during the early reign . [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), pages 123-124. John , duke of Bedford (13891435), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Oct 2007 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/14844, accessed 1 Nov 2009]document.write(printCitationDate()). When Henry V died in 1422, Bedford vied with his younger brother, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, for control of the Kingdom. Bolingbroke was crowned King of England, as Henry IV, on 13 October 1399. The Hours were supposedly produced as a courtship present from John to his first wife Anne. All are lavishly decorated and are good examples of the style of the period. Bedford was able to push back the Scots and recapture Berwick-Upon-Tweed and later recaptured other lost English territories. He became the guardian of Henry's infant son Henry VI and became regent on his behalf. After Joan was captured by Burgundian troops at Compiegne and then transferred to the English, Bedford had her put on trial by clergy who are listed in English government records and described by eyewitnesses as pro-English collaborators. Only loud protests caused the ungrateful Charles VII to give Jean a decent burial instead of a paupers grave. Throughout the next several years, the English, under Bedford's command, made significant gains in conquering the remainder of France. It is possible that the yale was painted in silver which has tarnished black. 16567. Mowbray was created earl of Nottingham on succeeding to his elder brother's lands in 1383, and receiv, John of Lignres, or Johannes de Lineriis, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/bedford-john-lancaster-duke. In the last years of Bedford's life, the conflict devolved into a war of attrition, and he became increasingly unable to gather the necessary funds to prosecute the conflict. Contents 1 Life account 2 In literature 3 Titles, styles, honours and arms 3.1 Arms 4 Ancestry 5 References 1 p. 244 table 2 pt. He was knighted on 12 October 1399 at his father's coronation, and made a Knight of the Garter by 1402. John of Lancaster, First Duke of Bedford. The Oxford Companion to British History. The play focuses on his role as the last English Regent of France. 146 relations. He married Anne of Burgundy (1404-1432) 1423 JL in Amiens. As Regent of France, Bedford had the huge responsibility of not only keeping and maintaining the territories that his brother had conquered, but expanding English interests in France. In the Bedford Book of Hours [5] these arms are shown supported by an eagle collared with a crown and a sable yale all on a gold field sewn with gold uprooted tree-stumps. And he is famous, or perhaps infamous, for having Joan of Arc burnt at the stake for witchcraft. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. This may be a pun on the German Tier, i.e., beast, or on (English) tears or 'tiers' of meaning, including tierce, referring to himself as third in line to his father's throne and by now rightful King but for the baby Henry VI. Historically, John was only fourteen at the time of the battle, but, considering that boys were put into battle at relatively young ages, it is possible that he may have at least been on the battlefield. Bedford defeated the French several times, notably at the Battle of Verneuil, until the arrival of Joan of Arc rallied the opposition. Brandon managed a spectacular career from modest beginnings. John of Lancaster,the man with the pudding basin haircut and rather sumptuous gown on his knees in prayer, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV and his first wife Mary Bohun. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435), also known as John Plantagenet, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as Regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI. He had no legitimate surviving issue. Johns died at Rouen in 1435 during negations with the Burgundians who were breaking their alliance with the English to make a separate peace with the French. He became the guardian of Henry's infant son Henry VI and became regent on his behalf. He appears in William Shakespeare's plays Henry IV, Part 1, and Henry IV, Part 2, as John of Lancaster, and in Henry V and Henry VI, Part 1, as the Duke of Bedford. Anne died of the plague in Paris in 1432.[7]. John, as well as being a soldier and a politician, was also a scholar. Catherine of Valois or Catherine of France (27 October 1401 - 3 January 1437) was Queen of England from 1420 until 1422. Bedford had been Governor in Normandy between 1422 and 1432, where the University of Caen was founded under his auspices. It is possible that the yale was painted in silver which has tarnished black. He was appointed master of the mews and falcons in 1402, Constable of England in 1403 and Warden of the East March from 1403 to 1414. He is better known in history as the First Duke of Bedford. However it fell to John to continue the English campaign in France despite the fact that he had been named Regent. Pernoud, Rgine. Elizabeth Woodville's right to inherit these armorial supporters would seem dubious if they belong to her mother's first husband or to his first wife. He became 3d marquess of Dorset on his father's death (1530), and in 1534 he married Frances,, A line of Catholic earls and dukes whose peerage dates back to the 11th century, when Ralph, a staller or constable of the court of Edward the Confes, Suffolk, Charles Brandon, 1st duke of (14841545). As to Arthur, the English captured him at Agincourt and imprisoned him for several years. In June 1433, Jean died penniless and in debt. Yolande of Aragon (11 August 1384 14 November 1442) was Queen of Aragon and Naples, Duchess of Anjou and Countess of Provence. John was the third son and he was followed by Humphrey. As a son of the sovereign, John bore the Royal arms of his father King Henry IV, differenced by a label of five points per pale ermine and France. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford synonyms, John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford pronunciation, John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford translation, English dictionary definition of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. In 1562, his grave was destroyed by Calvinists. Oxford: John Johnson, 1928), FHL book Q 929.242 W159w; FHL microfilm 1696491 it., vol. After his release, Arthur persuaded his brother Duke John of Brittany to sign a peace treaty with England, but when the English denied Arthur his patrimony, the Earldom of Richmond, he reverted to the French cause and proceeded to undermine the English war strategy by arranging the Treaty of Arras whereby Burgundy changed sides. In 1416, Henry placed John in command of a fleet taking supplies to Harfleur, which overcame a fleet of the Franco-Genoese navy. After Joan was captured by Burgundian troops at Compiegne and then transferred to the English, Bedford had her put on trial by clergy who are listed in English government records and described by eyewitnesses as pro-English collaborators. 11 T 26. John of Lancaster was born the third son of Henry Bolingbroke, eldest son and heir of John of Gaunt, third surviving son of King Edward III. [S347] Plantagenet Ancestry of Seventeenth-century Colonists: the Descent from the Later Plantagenet Kings of England, Henry III, Edward I, Edward II, and Edward III, of Emigrants from England and Wales to the North American Colonies Before 1701 (2nd ed., 1999), Faris, David, (2nd edition. [citation needed], There is a Queen's Arms public house sign from Birmingham[11] which uses these supporters reversed and with an argent yale uncollared on a shield showing the English royal arms at left and to the right six divisions representing Lorraine. He had no legitimate surviving issue. [3], John's second marriage was to Jacquetta of Luxembourg.[4]. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). He was knighted on 12 October 1399 at his father's coronation and made a Knight of the Garter by 1402. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. A son of Sir William Brandon, standar, duke. Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted as regent of France for his nephew Henry VI. (January 16, 2023). Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. 2 p. 63-64. He was brought up in highly eloquent fashion like his other brothers and was well educated. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Pernoud, Rgine. The third son of King Henry IV, John was created duke of Bedford by his brother Henry V in 1414. Despite his military and administrative talent, the situation in France had severely deteriorated by the time of his death.[1]. John, Duke of Lancaster led English armies against the Kingdom of Scotland while his brother fought the French in mainland Europe. When Henry V died in 1422, Bedford vied with his younger brother, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, for control of the Kingdom. The shield is surrounded by a pair of banners gules which reverse in argent with the motto repeated four times: A vous entier (To you / yours entire[ly]). His brother, Henry V, led a campaign against France in 1415. Chipps Smith, Jeffrey (1984). Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family", "Anne, of Burgundy, Duchess of Bedford, 1404?1432", Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, "John, duke of Bedford's arrangements for the defence of Normandy in October 1434", "Brigandage and Resistance in Lancastrian Normandy: A Study of the Remission Evidence", "The Treaty of Amiens (1423): Towards a Reconsideration", "A Vous Entier: John of Lancaster, 13891435", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_of_Lancaster,_Duke_of_Bedford&oldid=1126474769, This page was last edited on 9 December 2022, at 14:50. All are lavishly decorated and famous examples of the style of the period. 17294), both made in Paris, and the Bedford Psalter and Hours of about 142023, which is English (British Library Add MS 42131). The Oxford Companion to British History. Yolande retired to Saumur in Anjou, the site of a famous shrine to the Breton saint Aubin. Her eldest child, Elizabeth Woodville, became Queen consort of England as the spouse of Edward IV in 1464. Reprint, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1993), FHL book 920.042 D561n., vol. Johns eldest brother was Henry of Monmouth who went on to become King Henry V after a dissolute youth causing his father Henry IV despair (refer to Shakespeare Henry IV Part One and Part Two for a full litany of drinking, gambling and womanising along with princely reformation). Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Henry V had relied upon John when he was away fighting to rule in his absence. In, Norfolk, Thomas Mowbray, 1st duke of (136699). He was a grandson of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, a son of King Edward III. He died on 14 September 1435, in Rouen, Normandie, France, at . Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Bedford had been Governor in Normandy between 1422 and 1432, where the University of Caen was founded under his auspices. The title of duke, derived from the latin dux, is the highest in the peerage and until 1448 was restricted to members of the royal family. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, KG (20 June 1389 14 September 1435) was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI.
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